Abstract
Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important citrus pest in Asia with a non-uniform distribution. In some locations, it had been reported to occur but was either eradicated or disappeared itself. To understand species dispersal of B. minax, we collected and analyzed 359 individuals from 18 localities in China. One mitochondrial DNA gene fragment (nad4) was used to investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of B. minax. The populations were divided by phylogenetic analyses and statistical parsimony haplotype networks into three branches: a Central China (CC) branch, a Western China (WC) branch, and a Southern China (SC) branch. A total of 93 variable sites (15.6% of the 595 bp alignment) and 91 unique haplotypes were observed in the 359 individuals scored from the nad4 gene of the 18 B. minax populations. This indicated that B. minax had a high level of genetic diversity. These populations also showed a discrete distribution in both the scatter plots of genetic versus geographical distance for pairwise population comparisons and the median-joining network of haplotypes, which revealed the strong genetic structure of B. minax.
Highlights
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important pest of citrus fruits in Asia [1,2,3]
The genetic structure of B. minax in Mainland China was investigated through analysis of molecular variations in a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene nad4, and we studied genetic diversity among different geographic populations of B. minax in China
Of 359 individuals scored from the nad4 gene, 93 variable sites (15.6% of the 595 bp alignment) and 91 unique haplotypes were observed (GenBank accession numbers KF310532-KF310890)
Summary
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important pest of citrus fruits in Asia [1,2,3]. B. minax was first reported in Sikkim, India in 1920, and the first infestation in China was reported in Chongqing in 1940. This species was formally named the Chinese citrus fly in 1955 to distinguish it from the Japanese orange fly, B. There have been records of B. minax in 134 counties and cities of nine provinces in China so far, and the geographic distribution of the pest continues to expand. The larvae of B. minax live and feed inside host fruit, making effective pest control difficult. Thereafter, more targeted methods were developed based on these findings
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