Abstract
Population genetics deals with the description of genetic variation of population. It provides the experimental and theoretical basis of how that variation changes in time and space. The population genetics investigates both the origin of genetic diversity via agency of mutations and chromosomal variability and the mode of distribution of genetic diversity via selection, drift, and migration. Evolutionary potential of a population is quantitative index of the genetic variation, and studies on population genetics provide fundamental information on the genetic structure of the population of the species concerned. Population variability provides a tool to test the evolutionary variability hypothesis, as analysis from genetic, phenotypic, and physiologic variation throws light on the fundamentals of variation in space and time. Genetic polymorphism is the mechanism that aids in the population adaptability in response to spatial and temporal environmental variation. The phenomenon of polymorphism has been studied extensively by numerous population geneticists due to the fact that the study of genetic polymorphism in populations elucidates the underlying mechanism of interplay of evolutionary forces in maintaining and improving the adaptation of population to their environment.
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