Abstract
Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. Skv. is a unique and endangered species belonging to the Salicaceae family. It has great potential for ornamental and industrial use. However, human interference has led to a decrease in and fragmentation of its natural populations in the past two decades. To effectively evaluate, utilize, and conserve available resources, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. arbutifolia were analyzed in this study. A total of 142 individuals from ten provenances were sampled and sequenced. Moderate diversity was detected among these, with a mean expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s Wiener index of 0.3505 and 0.5258, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient was negative, indicating a significant excess of heterozygotes. The fixation index varied from 0.0068 to 0.3063, showing a varied genetic differentiation between populations. Analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that differentiation accounted for 82.23% of the total variation among individuals, while the remaining 17.77% variation was between populations. Furthermore, the results of population structure analysis indicated that the 142 individuals originated from three primitive groups. To provide genetic information and help design conservation and management strategies, landscape genomics analysis was performed by investigating loci associated with environmental variables. Eighteen SNP markers were associated with altitude and annual average temperature, of which five were ascribed with specific functions. In conclusion, the current study furthers the understanding of C. arbutifolia genetic architecture and provides insights for germplasm protection.
Highlights
The Salicaceae family comprises over 300 species of trees and shrubs found acrossChina and it is generally classified into three genera, namely Populus, Salix, and Chosenia [1].Interestingly, the genus Chosenia is monotypic and contains only Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.)A
As an ancient tree species, C. arbutifolia was considered a transitional form between the divergence from
The distribution range of natural C. arbutifolia in China is being continuously reduced, decreasing the number of individual plants available for collection, which in turn accounts for the small sample size in the current study (Table 1)
Summary
The Salicaceae family comprises over 300 species of trees and shrubs found acrossChina and it is generally classified into three genera, namely Populus, Salix, and Chosenia [1].Interestingly, the genus Chosenia is monotypic and contains only Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.)A. The Salicaceae family comprises over 300 species of trees and shrubs found across. China and it is generally classified into three genera, namely Populus, Salix, and Chosenia [1]. A. Skv., which is distributed in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains, the Changbai. The montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province [1]. Populus to Salix and was segregated into a separate genus by some botanists [2,3]. The nature populations of C. arbutifolia have drastically decreased due to their weak regenerative capacity, unreasonable deforestation, and over-utilization, leading to the plant’s recognition as a class II endangered species listed in the National Key Protected Wild Plants
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