Population dynamics, reproduction, and diet of the lesser long-nosed bat ( Leptonycteris curasoae ) in Jalisco, Mexico: implications for conservation

Abstract

We estimate fluctuations in population size and sex ratio, documentbreeding behavior and reproduction, and determine the diet of a population ofthe lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris curasoae, in anisland cave in Chamela Bay, Jalisco, Mexico, with monthly sampling during anannual cycle (October 1999–October 2000). Based on the area of thecave's ceiling and wall covered with L. curasoae inrelation to the potential roost area without them, in 1999 the abundanceincreased from 80% in October to 100% in November and December. In 2000 thepopulation decreased to 80% in January, 50% in February, 30% in March, 20% inApril, 10% in May, 5% in June and July, and less than 1% in August. Thepopulation rapidly increased to 60% in September and to 80% in October.Throughout the year there were significantly more males than females; however,there was significant heterogeneity over months. In September–Novemberthere were more females, but in December–August there were more malespresent. The majority of pregnant and lactating females were observed fromDecember to March and in July, while males were reproductive fromSeptember–January and in May–June. Breeding activity was observed inthe cave in November–December. Twenty-six species of plants were consumedduring the year, based on pollen identification from fecal samples. Bombacaceousspecies were the most important component of the diet from January to May andCactaceae were most important in June–September. Peak abundance and reproductive activitycoincided with peak flower resource availability, which occurred between Octoberand January and in June–July. The year-round presence and reproductiveactivity of L. curasoae at this site throughout the yeardemonstrate that many individuals are annual residents in this area and indicatethe importance of this roosting site. In order to develop a successfulconservation program for L. curasoae, in addition toprotecting migratory corridors and northern maternity roosts, it is equallyimportant to identify and protect areas that function as breeding colonies andyear-round sanctuaries for resident populations in the south.