Abstract
Most aphid species reproduce by cyclic parthenogenesis, i.e., the asexual phase is succeeded by a phase of sexual reproduction (Fig. 1). Both phases can take place either on the same host or the sexual and the asexual phases can occur on different host plant species. Some aphid species omit the sexual phase and only reproduce parthogenetically. Under mild climatic conditions, holocyclic species might also reproduce asexually only. Thus, aphids seem well suited for investigations on the influence of different modes of reproduction on the pattern of genetic variation.
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