Population-Based Study of Gastric Cancer Survival and Associations in Rural Western Honduras

Abstract

Abstract Background: Two-thirds of global cancers occur in low/middle income countries (LMIC). Northern Central America is the largest LMIC region in the Western Hemisphere and lack cancer registries to guide cancer control. We conducted a gastric cancer survival study in rural Western Honduras, characterized as having among the highest gastric cancer incidence rates in Latin America. Methods: The cohort of incident gastric cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2015 was studied with active follow-up with household visits. The regional gastric cancer registry was primary for case identification, with completeness examination with hospital data and national death certificates. Cox regression models were used for survival calculations. Results: Survival follow-up was achieved in 741/774 patients (95.7%). Household interviews were conducted in 74.1% (n = 549); 65.7% were male, median age at diagnosis was 64 years, 24.5% were <55 years; 43.9% of tumors had pyloric obstruction; 45.2%, 43.2%, and 7.3% of histology was intestinal, diffuse, and mixed, respectively. A total of 24.7% patients received treatment. The 5-year survival rates were 9.9% for both males and females, 7.7% for age <45, and 7.9% for diffuse gastric cancer. Median survival time was 4.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.2–5.6]. In the final Cox regression model including age, sex, Lauren subtype, and poverty index, only treatment was significantly associated with survival (hazard ratio = 2.43, 95% CI, 1.8–3.2). Conclusions: Markedly low gastric cancer 5-year survival rates are observed in rural Central America. The majority of patients present with advanced disease and a minority have access to therapy. Impact: The findings have implications for cancer control in the Central America LMICs and for U.S. Latino populations.