Poor Start: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development and Subsequent Human Capital Accumulation

Abstract

No AccessMar 2023Poor Start: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development and Subsequent Human Capital AccumulationAuthors/Editors: Alaka HollaAlaka HollaSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1901-8_ch2AboutView ChaptersFull TextPDF (1.2 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract: Reports that the earliest years of children (through age 5) establish their entire trajectory of human capital and determine much of their economic and social-emotional well-being in adulthood. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted household investments in children’s nutrition, children’s access to essential services, the mental health of caregivers, and the quality-of-care children receive at home. These deficits in inputs have also translated into declines in motor, language, cognitive, and social-emotional development in both high- and low-income settings. To prevent this poor start from amplifying into greater human capital losses as these children progress along the life cycle, policies in the short to medium term should prioritize (1) arranging transfers for households whose income has still not recovered; (2) launching catch-up campaigns for vaccination and nutrition; (3) organizing parenting programs to encourage more cognitive and social-emotional stimulation in the home; (4) restoring and expanding coverage of pre-primary education; and (5) offering parents mental health counseling programs. ReferencesAbufhele, A, D Bravo, F López Bóo, and P Soto-Ramirez. 2022. “Developmental Losses in Young Children from Pre-primary Program Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Technical Note 2385, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC. Google ScholarAdhvaryu, A, J Fenske, and A Nyshadham. 2019. “Early Life Circumstance and Adult Mental Health.” Journal of Political Economy 127 (4): 1516–49. 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