Abstract

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program aims to improve nutritional intakes of low-income individuals (<185% poverty threshold). The objective of this study was to describe the compliance with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains among SNAP-Ed eligible (n = 3142) and ineligible (n = 3168) adult women (19–70 years) nationwide and SNAP-Ed participating women in Indiana (n = 2623), using the NHANES 2007–2012 and Indiana SNAP-Ed survey data, respectively. Sensitivity analysis further stratified women by race/ethnicity and by current SNAP participation (<130% poverty threshold). Nationally, lower-income women were less likely to meet the fruit (21% vs. 25%) and vegetable (11% vs. 19%) guidelines than higher-income women, but did not differ on whole grains, which were ~5% regardless of income. The income differences in fruit and vegetable intakes were driven by non-Hispanic whites. Fewer SNAP-Ed-eligible U.S. women met fruit (21% vs. 55%) and whole grain (4% vs. 18%) but did not differ for vegetable recommendations (11% vs. 9%) when compared to Indiana SNAP-Ed women. This same trend was observed among current SNAP participants. Different racial/ethnic group relationships with DGA compliance were found in Indiana compared to the nation. Nevertheless, most low-income women in the U.S. are at risk of not meeting DGA recommendations for fruits (79%), vegetables (89%), and whole grains (96%); SNAP-Ed participants in Indiana had higher compliance with DGA recommendations. Increased consumption of these three critical food groups would improve nutrient density, likely reduce calorie consumption by replacing high calorie choices, and improve fiber intakes.

Highlights

  • The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed), an educational component of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), provides nutrition education and obesity prevention strategies consistent with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) to improve the nutrition and health of participants [1]

  • Little is known about dietary intakes of SNAP-Ed participating or eligible women, regarding meeting the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) policy goals [4], and how state-level program participants compare to the nation

  • The SNAP-Ed eligible U.S women group included 3142 women aged 19–70 years in low-income households (PIR ≤ 185%) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012

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Summary

Introduction

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed), an educational component of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), provides nutrition education and obesity prevention strategies consistent with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) to improve the nutrition and health of participants [1]. Few studies have evaluated the effect of SNAP-Ed on dietary intakes among adults the program was associated with increased intention to change nutrition-related. Little is known about dietary intakes of SNAP-Ed participating or eligible women, regarding meeting the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) policy goals [4], and how state-level program participants compare to the nation. While low in many segments of the U.S, is of particular concern for women with low incomes [7]. Increasing intakes of these healthy food groups would improve intakes dietary fiber and many other shortfall nutrients and may help shifting from high calorie choices [4]. The objective of this study is to describe compliance with

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