Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture by gas-separation membranes has become increasingly attractive due to its high energy efficiency, relatively low cost, and environmental impact. Polyvinylamine (PVAm)-based facilitated transport (FT) membranes were developed in the last decade for CO 2 capture. This work discusses the challenges of applying PVAm-based FT membranes from materials to processes for post-combustion CO 2 capture in power plants and cement factories. Experiences learned from a pilot demonstration system can be used to guide the design of other membranes for CO 2 capture. The importance of module and process design is emphasized in the achievement of a high-performance membrane system. Moreover, the results from process simulation and cost estimation indicate that a three-stage membrane system is feasible for achieving a high CO 2 purity of 95 vol%. The specific CO 2 capture cost was found to significantly depend on the required CO 2 capture ratio, and a moderate CO 2 capture ratio of 50% presented a cost of 63.7 USD per tonne CO 2 captured. Thus, FT membrane systems were found to be more competitive for partial CO 2 capture.
Highlights
The International Energy Outlook [79] (IEO2011) reference case reported that world energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions would increase to 35.2 billion metric tons in 2020 and 43.2 billion metric tons in 2035
Great effort has been recently placed on CO2 capture using gas separation membranes, and examples are found in the literature [16, 22, 27, 28, 32, 33, 50, 77, 101, 127, 137, 158]
Different membranes such as polymer membranes, microporous organic polymers (MOPs), FSC membranes, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs), and inorganic membranes can be used for CO2-related separation [76]
Summary
The International Energy Outlook [79] (IEO2011) reference case reported that world energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions would increase to 35.2 billion metric tons in 2020 and 43.2 billion metric tons in 2035. Development of advanced membrane materials to increase cost-effectiveness is crucial to bring down CO2 capture cost Different membranes such as polymer membranes, microporous organic polymers (MOPs), FSC membranes, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs), and inorganic (ceramic, metallic, zeolites) membranes can be used for CO2-related separation [76]. It should be noted that some membranes like the MTR PolarisTM membranes and the FSC membranes (patented by NTNU) have already been demonstrated at pilot scale [51, 106] and are quite promising for CO2 capture from flue gas due to their high performance and good stability when exposed to a flue gas containing the impurities of SO2 and NOx. Polymer membranes Polymer membranes have been widely used for selected commercial gas separation processes due to their good separation performance, good mechanical stability, and low cost. Most membrane systems for gas separation use glassy polymers because of their high selectivity and good mechanical properties, and polyimide membranes exhibits excellent high selectivities combined with high permeances for a large variety of applications in gas separation [41], while some rubbery polymers are used for specific vapor/gas separation processes based on gas solubility difference in membrane materials, e.g., volatile (2018) 8:34
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