Abstract
A polyurethane (PU) is a multifunctional polymer prepared by using more than two types of monomers. The unique properties of PU come from monomers, thus broadening the applicability of PU in many different sectors. The properties can be further improved by using many nanoparticles. Different metal oxides as nanoparticles are also widely used in PU materials. ZnO is a widely used inorganic metal oxide nanoparticle for improving polymer properties. In this review article, the techniques to prepare a PU/ZnO composite are reviewed; the key protective properties, such as adhesive strength and self-healing, and applications of PU/ZnO composites are also highlighted. This review also highlights the PU/ZnO composite’s current challenges and future prospects, which will help to broaden the composite practical application by preparing environmentally friendly composites.
Highlights
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The size and morphology of ZnO can be changed by tuning synthesis conditions and reactants [92]
In situ polymerization is a popular synthesis process to prepare PU/ZnO dispersion [32,35,38,43,52,55,63,65,66,67,70,71,80,82,88], and it is almost similar to the preparation of pristine PU dispersion
Summary
Steps such as prepolymer formation and chain extension are followed, similar to pristine PU dispersion preparation [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. In situ polymerization is a popular synthesis process to prepare PU/ZnO dispersion [32,35,38,43,52,55,63,65,66,67,70,71,80,82,88], and it is almost similar to the preparation of pristine PU dispersion During this type of polymerization, the polyol and diisocyanate monomers are charged together, to make an NCO-terminated prepolymer, which is followed by chain extension by using small-molecular-weight-based diol or amine. The optimum ZnO content to achieve target protective properties reported by different researchers varied, despite similar compositions and preparation processes [31,34,35,40,60,69,79]. The particle size of a nano particle has a huge impact on polymer-composite properties
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