Abstract
Polyureas (PURs) are a competitive polymer to their analogs, polyurethanes (PUs). Whereas PUs’ main functional group is carbamate (urethane), PURs contain urea. In this revision, a comprehensive overview of PUR properties, from synthesis to technical applications, is displayed. Preparative routes that can be used to obtain PURs using diisocianates or harmless reagents such as CO2 and NH3 are explained, and aterials, urea monomers and PURs are discussed; PUR copolymers are included in this discussion as well. Bulk to soft components of PUR, as well as porous materials and meso, micro or nanomaterials are evaluated. Topics of this paper include the general properties of aliphatic and aromatic PUR, followed by practical synthetic pathways, catalyst uses, aggregation, sol–gel formation and mechanical aspects.
Highlights
Polyureas (PURs) are a group of polymers which contain the urea group as the main feature of their monomers, while polyurethanes (PUs) present carbamates as their functional group
PURs containing aromatic structures melt near their ability to form multiple donor–acceptor bonds based on urea H bonding linkage; thu decomposition temperatures [19]
A potential useful poly(ether-urea) polymer that has an ether group is still unavailable. This is due to the lack of an appropriate monomer that would require: (i) a nucleophilic substitution reaction for ether formation and (ii) functional group transformation leading to a highly reactive isocyanate group or its intermediate in addition to the protection and deprotection of counter functional groups
Summary
Polyureas (PURs) are a group of polymers which contain the urea group as the main feature of their monomers, while polyurethanes (PUs) present carbamates as their functional group. PURs containing aromatic structures melt near their ability to form multiple donor–acceptor bonds based on urea H bonding linkage; thu decomposition temperatures [19]. Studying anon-segmented poly(dimethyl viscosity(PDMS)—containing increases upon PURPU formation, a critical problem for large-scale PUR produc-change i from a simple addition of co-monomers, a noticeable tion. The hard domains of PURs are reversible physical cross-links, which play a critical role chemical cross-linking agents can be added to improve basic structural frameworks fo in their physical properties. The most common method of producing isocyanates is “the phosgene route” (Figure 3) This technique consists of a reaction between an amine and phosgene [25].
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