Polysaccharide-Rich Fractions from Rosa rugosa Thunb.-Composition and Chemopreventive Potential.

Marta Olech,Maciej Masłyk,Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke,Renata Nowak,Aleksandra Martyna,Wioleta Pietrzak,Daniel Załuski,Konrad Kubiński

doi:10.3390/molecules24071354

Abstract

The huge health-beneficial potential of polysaccharides encourages the search for novel sources and applications of these compounds. One poorly explored source of polysaccharides is the rose. The content and biological activity of polysaccharides in rose organs is an almost completely unaddressed topic, therefore, polysaccharide-rich extracts (crude polysaccharides, CPLs) from petals, leaves, hips, and achenes of Rosa rugosa Thunb. were studied for their composition and the influence on various cellular processes involved in the development of cancer and other civilization diseases. The study revealed the presence of water-soluble and -insoluble polysaccharides (including β-glucans) and protein-polysaccharide conjugates in rose organs. Rose hips were found to be the most abundant source of polysaccharides. Different polysaccharide-rich extracts showed the ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, hyaluronidase), a radical scavenging effect (against DPPH• and ABTS•+), and antiproliferative activity (in the A549 lung and SW480 colon cancer cell lines) in in vitro assays. Therefore, rose crude polysaccharides are very promising and can potentially be used as natural chemopreventive agents.

Highlights

Polysaccharides constitute a structurally diverse group of macromolecules consisting of repeating monosaccharide residues linked together by glycosidic linkages forming linear structures or containing branched side chains
The preliminary analyses of the rose organs and polysaccharide-rich fractions indicated that the samples were significantly diverse in terms of the yield and composition of crude polysaccharides (CPL)
Significance was accepted at p < 0.05. This is the first report revealing the composition and biological activity of crude polysaccharides obtained from R. rugosa leaves, achenes, and hips

Summary

Introduction

Polysaccharides constitute a structurally diverse group of macromolecules consisting of repeating monosaccharide residues linked together by glycosidic linkages forming linear structures or containing branched side chains. In comparison with proteins or nucleic acids, polysaccharides have been undervalued for a long time, they are gaining growing interest among the scientific community nowadays. This applies in particular to polysaccharides from natural sources like plants, fungi, or algae [1,2]. These macromolecules play a key role in different biological processes including cell-cell communication, inflammation, pathogenesis prevention, metastasis, immune responses, or fertilization [3]. Based on the evidence from recent decades, polysaccharides have been found to exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory

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