Abstract
Photothermal/magnetothermal-based hyperthermia cancer therapy techniques have been widely investigated, and associated nanotechnology-assisted treatments have shown promising clinical potentials. However, each method has some limitations, which have impeded extensive applications. For example, the penetration ability of the photothermal is not satisfactory, while the heating efficiency of the magnetothermal is very poor. In this study, a novel magnetite vortex nanoring nanoparticle-coated with polypyrrole (denoted as nanoring Fe3O4@PPy-PEG) was first synthesized and well-characterized. By combining photothermal and magnetothermal effects, the performance of the dual-enhanced hyperthermia was significantly improved, and was thoroughly examined in this study. Benefiting from the magnetite vortex nanoring and polypyrrole, Fe3O4@PPy-PEG showed excellent hyperthermia effects (SAR = 1,648 Wg–1) when simultaneously exposed to the alternating magnetic field (300 kHz, 45 A) and near-infrared (808 nm, 1 W cm–2) laser. What is more, nanoring Fe3O4@PPy-PEG showed a much faster heating rate, which can further augment the antitumor effect by incurring vascular disorder. Besides, Fe3O4@PPy-PEG exhibited a high transverse relaxation rate [60.61 mM–1 S–1 (Fe)] at a very low B0 field (0.35 T) and good photoacoustic effect. We believe that the results obtained herein can significantly promote the development of multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated magnetic and photo induced efficient hyperthermia therapy.
Highlights
Hyperthermia therapy (HT), which is well known as a “green” cancer therapy method, has been widely used as a treatment for cancer in all phases and almost all kinds of cancer in clinical trials (van der Horst et al, 2018; Helderman et al, 2019)
After the nanoring Fe3O4 coated with PPy and polyethylene glycol (PEG), a thin shadow layer was clearly observed on the ring surface in TEM image as shown in Figure 1B and the shadow layer can be attributed to the PPy coating and PEGylation
The good magnetic properties indicate that favorable magnetic hyperthermia and transverse relaxation effects can be expected and the proposed Fe3O4@PPyPEG nanoring may have a great potential in MRI-guided cancer magnetic hyperthermal therapy
Summary
Hyperthermia therapy (HT), which is well known as a “green” cancer therapy method, has been widely used as a treatment for cancer in all phases and almost all kinds of cancer in clinical trials (van der Horst et al, 2018; Helderman et al, 2019). Nanoparticles with high thermal effects, such as Au (Ma et al, 2016; Sun et al, 2017), Ag (Das et al, 2016; He et al, 2020), copper (Wang et al, 2018), carbon (Hong et al, 2015), iron (Wang et al, 2005; Tong et al, 2017; Cotin et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020), and organic materials [cyanine dyes (Yoon et al, 2017; Chu et al, 2020), porphyrins (Hiroto et al, 2017), and conjugated polymer (Zhou et al, 2013; Shi et al, 2020)], have been designed and successfully synthesized, and the corresponding NIR/AMF-triggered HTs have led to fruitful results in treatment of various diseases. Multifunctional nanoparticles that can increase both thermal efficiencies have been merely reported in the literature (Espinosa et al, 2016; Ma et al, 2019; Yang et al, 2019)
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