Polypyrrole as photo-thermal-assisted modifier for BiVO4 photoanode enables high-performance photoelectrochemical water splitting

Abstract

Herein, iron nickel oxide (FeNiOx) and conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) with excellent hole transport property and catalytic oxidation ability combine with bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) based photoanode to obtain a remarkable improvement of photocurrent density. More importantly, due to the photo-thermal effect of PPy, the operating temperature of the photoanode reaches 323.15 K under AM 1.5G illumination without infrared light source, thus activating the photoanode surface and accelerating the water splitting reaction. As a result, when the temperature of electrolyte reaches 323.15 K, the photocurrent density of BiVO4/FeNiOx/PPy photoanode achieves 6.91 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), which is 3.04 folds of pristine BiVO4 (2.27 mA cm−2). Such a photo-thermal-assisted enhancement strategy based on the temperature sensitivity of BiVO4 provides a new way for the breakthrough of the performance bottleneck of BiVO4 photoanode and the design of the next generation PEC catalyst materials.