Abstract
Wild mushrooms are mainly collected during the rainy season and valued as a nutritious food and sources of natural medicines and nutraceuticals. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and bioactive properties (antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity) of Polyporus squamosus from two different origins, Portugal and Serbia. The sample from Portugal showed higher contents of as protein (17.14 g/100 g), fat (2.69 g/100 g), ash (3.15 g/100 g) and carbohydrates (77.02 g/100 g); the same sample gave the highest antioxidant activity: highest reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition in both β-carotene/linoleate and TBARS assay. These results could be related to its higher content in total tocopherols (1968.65 μg/100 g) and phenolic compounds (1.29 mg/100 g). Both extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against all the tested organisms. The samples from Serbia gave higher overall antibacterial activity and showed excellent antibiofilm activity (88.30%). Overall, P. squamosus methanolic extracts possessed antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity, and without toxicity for liver cells. This investigation highlights alternatives to be explored for the treatment of bacterial infections, in particular against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study provides important results for the chemical and bioactive properties, especially antimicrobial activity of the mushroom P. squamosus. Moreover, to the authors’ knowledge this is the first report on sugars, organic acids, and individual phenolic compounds in P. squamosus.
Highlights
The present study aimed to provide more detailed information on chemical composition and bioactive properties of this species, by comparing samples from two different origins (Portugal and Serbia)
The nutritional composition of SP was similar to a specimen from Anatolia (Turkey): protein 13.32%, fat 3.98%, ash 7.14% and carbohydrates 65.24% (Akata et al 2012); Uzun et al (2009) described an extremely high content of proteins (64.70%) in a sample of P. squamosus from Turkey
Fructose, mannitol and trehalose were found in both samples (Table 1)
Summary
Fruiting bodies of mushrooms are appreciated, for texture and flavour and for their chemical, nutritional (Barros, Cruz, Baptista, Estevinho & Ferreira, 2008) and bioactive properties including antioxidant (Ferreira, Barros & Abreu, 2009), antitumor (Ferreira, Vaz, Vasconcelos & Martins, 2010), antibacterial (Alves, Ferreira, Dias, Teixeira, Martins & Pintado, 2012), immunostimulatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory (Taofiq et al, 2015), antiviral (Avtonomova & Krasnopolskaya, 2014), antifungal (Alves, Ferreira, Dias, Teixeira, Martins & Pintado, 2013), antiallergic, antiatherogenic, hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective (Vaz, Heleno, Martins, Almeida, Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2010) activities. Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr is an edible species at an early and tender stage, commonly used as a spice and being widely distributed in North America, Australia, Asia and Europe (Schmidt, 2006)
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