Abstract
Acorn leaves, which possess potential pharmacologic effects, are traditionally consumed as food in China. Phytochemical investigations of acorn leaves yielded one new and 25 known polyphenols, and their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Three antidiabetes assays were conducted. Compound 2 considerably increased the survival of pancreatic beta cells by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species and enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in MIN6 cells damaged by H2O2. The preliminary mechanism by which compound 2 protects pancreatic beta cells was through the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 HO-1 pathway. Most of the tested isolates showed strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. The IC50 values of most compounds were much lower than those of the positive control. The results suggest that polyphenols from acorn leaves are potential functional food ingredients that can be used as antidiabetic agents.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem with enormous economic and social costs.The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that approximately 300 million people (5% of the global population) will be afflicted with diabetes by 2025
The EtOAc soluble fractions were subjected to silica gel column chromatography (SGCC), Sephadex
One new flavonoid glycoside and 25 polyphenolics were isolated from acorn leaves
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem with enormous economic and social costs. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that approximately 300 million people (5% of the global population) will be afflicted with diabetes by 2025. Oxidative stress response could be an important mediator of damage to cell structures [1]. Prevention of oxidative stress can be used as an effective target in diabetes treatment. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional activator that binds to the antioxidant response element of the target gene promoter [2]. Nrf can be transformed into the nucleus, which activates the expression of antioxidant response genes and induces detoxification in phase II. Nrf is considered a major regulatory factor for antioxidant resistance [3]
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