Polyphenol-rich beverages promote a sustainable and renewable generation of energy and prevent neurotoxicity

Abstract

Polyphenol-rich beverages, formulations 1 and formulation 2 composed of herbal and berry extracts were developed. Their impact on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) responses was investigated in vitro and compared to that of well-known commercial drinks (Red Bull, Coca-Cola, Antioxia, Tetley green tea). Results show that mitochondrial activity, intracellular and extracellular ATP responses are impacted upon the exposure to polyphenol-rich beverages to promote a sustainable and renewable energy supply in human oral CAL27 mucosal cells. While herbal extracts are important for the renewable energetic activity, berry extracts play a role in regulating energy conservation. Prior exposure of polyphenol-rich beverages to CAL27 cells prevented subsequent neurotoxicity of SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells undergoing oxidative stress. Formulation 1 was best at modulating ATP and neuroprotective responses. On the other hand, Red Bull caused energy depletion, and did not prevent neurotoxicity. In summary, polyphenol-rich drinks are potential energy drinks that promote a sustainable and renewable generation of energy. In particular, Formulation 1 may be a healthy caffeine-free alternative to energy drinks with side effects, such as energy crashing and neurotoxicity. Key words: Anthocyanins, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), conservation, dopamine, energy crashing, energy drink, mitochondria, neuroprotection, polyphenols, red bull.