Abstract
Phytocompounds found in fruit wastes serve as nature's precious gift to humans in cancer treatment. In this context, the present work aimed to use of Physalis peruviana calyces (PPC) and its nano-emulsion as a novel method in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. PPC butanolic fraction (PPCBF) was prepared and tested for its total phenol, total flavonoids, and HPLC analysis for phenolics, as well as the in vitro anticancer activity for both normal and nano-emulsion was evaluated. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were used; 18 rats were administered intraperitoneally diethylnitrosamine (DEN) once (200 mg/kg body weight) in a saline solution. All nutritional parameters, biochemical parameters, and histopathological examinations were assessed. Results revealed that PPCBF and its nano-emulsion showed high anti-HepG2 activity and induced Pre-G1 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase). Moreover, PPCBF and its nano-emulsion caused up-regulation of caspase-3 mRNA in HepG2, which could indicate that the intrinsic mitochondrial route triggered apoptosis. All the nutritional and biochemical changes were confirmed by histopathological examination. In conclusion, PPC and its nano-emulsion could be serving as a successful and effective drug from waste with a bright future in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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