Abstract
Aim: The aim of this work was to characterize the phenolic content of wines from the most promising autochthonous red grape variety in Albania, the Kallmet.Methods and results: To make this first survey, 16 commercial monovarietal Kallmet wines were analyzed with special attention to proanthocyanidin (condensed tannins), anthocyanin and stilbene composition. The average content of total proanthocyanidins in these wines was 3877 mgL-1 and the anthocyanin content averaged 242 mgL-1. The mean degree of polymerization (mDP) varied from 8 subunits in young wine to 31 subunits in 6-year-old wine, with a mean value of 14.5 subunits. The total free anthocyanin content ranged from 85 mgL-1 in old wine to 609 mgL-1 in young wine, with a mean value of 242.5 mgL-1. Trans-piceid was the most abundant stilbene (11 mgL-1), followed by trans-resveratrol (1.8 mgL-1). It was evidenced that cis-forms of resveratrol and piceid presented a lower content than their trans-forms. The ratio between piceid (glycoside form) and resveratrol (aglycone form) was 8.2, showing a similar stilbene pattern as in Mediterranean wines.Conclusions: Kallmet wines show proanthocyanidin polymerization characteristics and stilbene profiles very similar to red wines deriving from other varieties grown under warm climates.Significance and impact of the study: In spite of the strong interest in Kallmet grape, there is still a need for detailed studies to know the range of the different components of interest found in the produced wine.
Highlights
Albania is a country in South Eastern Europe
Kallmet wines show proanthocyanidin polymerization characteristics and stilbene profiles very similar to red wines deriving from other varieties grown under warm climates
Significance and impact of the study: In spite of the strong interest in Kallmet grape, there is still a need for detailed studies to know the range of the different components of interest found in the produced wine
Summary
Albania is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is characterized by a typical Mediterranean climate with mild and wet winters, and sunny and dry summers. Kallmet is one of the oldest autochthonous grape cultivars; it has been used for centuries as one of the most widespread red wine cultivars, especially in north and north-west Albania. It is often known as Kadarka, Scadarka, Nero di Scutari and Gamza. Over the few years, Kallmet is planned to occupy 20% of the red wine cultivars in Albania, due to the high environmental adaptability and quality of the wine
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