Polyphenolic and Flavonoids Contents and Antibacterial Activity of Hydro-Ethanolic and Aqueous Extract of Fresh Leaves of Gardenia Aqualla Staph and Hutch (Rubiaceae)

Abstract

Erectile dysfunction has become for two decades, a real public health problem. Its prevalence is estimated at 322 million in 2025. Its management is based on the administration of phosphodiesterase inhibitors alone or in combination. Infections have been rarely mentioned although <i>E coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae </i>or <i>Serratia marcescens</i> are recognized as factors of erectile dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile of the aqueous (AE) and hydroethanolic (HE) extracts of the fresh leaves of <i>Gardenia aqualla</i> and to determine their antibacterial potential on bacteria involved in male accessory gland infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemical profile of aqueous (AE) and hydroethanolic (HE) extracts of fresh leaves of <i>Gardenia aqualla</i> and to determine their antibacterial potential on bacteria involved in male accessory gland infections. Phytochemical profile highlighted the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols with concentrations of 434.5 ± 14.5 mgEq Tannic acid/g of dried extract greater than 249.5±18.3 mgEq Tannic acid/g of dried extract found in AE including flavonoids whose concentrations is 184.9 ± 6.3 μgEqRutin/g of dry extract in HE against 183.0±9.1 μgEqRutin/g of dried extract in AE. Antibacterial tests showed equivalence of activity on <i>E coli</i> and S aureus strains with MICs of 100 mg/mL and 50mg/mL respectively and only HE showed activity on <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and<i> Serratia marcescens</i> which had the lowest MIC 6.25 mg/mL.