Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with pathophysiology of obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastrointestinal inflammation increases barrier dysfunction exacerbating the immune response and perpetuating chronic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory flavonoids may prevent this intestinal barrier dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polyphenol composition of Colombian Passiflora edulis var. Flavicarpa (Maracuyá), Passiflora edulis var. Sims (Gulupa), and Passiflora ligularis var. Juss (Granadilla) (passion fruits) and to evaluate their ability to inhibit disruption of intestinal barrier dysfunction of Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells by an inflammatory cocktail (IC). Polyphenols (flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols), xanthenes, and a terpene were identified in passion fruits. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside, (+)-catechin and ferulic acid were the most abundant phenolics in P. edulis var. Flavicarpa, P. edulis var. Sims, and P. ligularis var. Juss, respectively. Fruit extracts prevented loss of transepithelial electrical resistance in Caco-2 cells treated with the IC. Among the extracts, P. ligularis var. Juss was most effective at maintaining Caco-2 transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) with ~73% relative to the IC-treated cells with about 43% of initial TEER values. This fruit had cyanidin-3-rutinoside, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and ferulic acid in its phenolic profile. Results of this work support the hypothesis that consumption of passion fruit extracts could benefit intestinal health.
Highlights
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of many non-communicable diseases [1]
Colombian Passiflora fruit polyphenols were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in electrospray ionization mode through comparison reference standards
ColombiantoPassiflora fruit polyphenols were identified by ultra-high performance liquid the phytochemical profiles of extracts from
Summary
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of many non-communicable diseases [1]. Dietary approaches to prevent or mitigate chronic inflammation are needed to reduce disease risk [2]. Intestinal barrier homeostasis has been recognized as an important contributor to development of chronic inflammation [2]. Chronic inflammation leads to a dysfunctional intestinal barrier, and hinders the resolution of inflammation. Inflammation-induced barrier dysfunction is associated with obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and colon cancer [2,3].
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