Abstract
Polyopes affinis is a red algal species commonly found on the South coast and near Jeju Island, Korea. This study aimed to determine whether P. affinis extracts can inhibit the pathogenesis of T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated inflammation in a human keratinocyte cell line of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and 10 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at various concentrations of PAB (10, 30, and 60 µg/mL) and PAA (100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) extracts. A gene-ontology (GO)-enrichment analysis revealed that PAB significantly enriched the genes associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion, immune response, inflammation, and chemokine-mediated pathways. PAB suppressed the expression of the secretory proteins and mRNAs that are associated with the thymus and the production of activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC/CCL22). The effect of the extract on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its inhibition of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production by blocking NF-κB and STAT1 activation. These results suggest that seaweed extract may improve AD by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines. In conclusion, we first confirmed the existence of phloroglucinol, a polyphenol formed from a precursor called phlorotannin, which is present in PAB, and this result proved the possibility of PAB being used as a treatment for AD.
Highlights
Except for industrial food processing, seaweed is not widely consumed in Western countries, but is widely consumed in some East Asian countries such as Korea, China and Japan [1]
The concentration at which more than 80% of the cells survived was selected as the highest concentration, and it was treated with IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
The exact mechanism and treatment for atopic dermatitis have not been found, controlling the excessive production of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 may be the key to treatment
Summary
Except for industrial food processing, seaweed is not widely consumed in Western countries (with the exception of Scotland and Ireland), but is widely consumed in some East Asian countries such as Korea, China and Japan [1]. It was thought to be necessary to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of seaweed, which grows naturally along the domestic coast and is one of the marine resources that have materials with abundant potential. According to a recent study, it has been reported that the phlorotannins, which are a kind of polyphenol, as well as a carotenoid-based pigment component and a flavonoid component, have anti-inflammatory effects [7–10]. Polyopes affinis is one of the representative edible red algae and grows mainly on intertidal rocks, and in Korea it mainly lives on the southern coast or Jeju Island. In this study, we evaluated the effect on AD of the red algae P. affinis, which is mainly found on the southern coast of Korea and is used in food
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
