Polynomial time recognition of squares of Ptolemaic graphs and 3-sun-free split graphs

Abstract

The square of a graph G, denoted G2, is obtained from G by putting an edge between two distinct vertices whenever their distance is two. Then G is called a square root of G2. Deciding whether a given graph has a square root is known to be NP-complete, even if the root is required to be a chordal graph or even a split graph.We present a polynomial time algorithm that decides whether a given graph has a Ptolemaic square root. If such a root exists, our algorithm computes one with a minimum number of edges.In the second part of our paper, we give a characterization of the graphs that admit a 3-sun-free split square root. This characterization yields a polynomial time algorithm to decide whether a given graph has such a root, and if so, to compute one.