Polymyxa graminis . [Distribution map

Abstract

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Polymyxa graminis Ledingham. Cercozoa: Plasmodiophorida. Hosts: groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea ), oats ( Avena sativa ), barley ( Hordeum vulgare ), rice ( Oryza sativa ), rye ( Secale cereale ), wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), millet ( Panicum miliaceum ) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, France, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Mainland Greece, Italy, Mainland Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Mainland Spain, UK, England and Wales), Asia (China, Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey), Africa (Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal), North America (Canada, Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, USA, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington), South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia), Oceania (New Zealand). Vector of numerous plant viruses, including Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, Wheat yellow mosaic virus, Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus, Barley yellow mosaic virus, Oat mosaic virus, Rice stripe necrosis virus and Peanut clump virus. Several viruses transmitted by P. graminis cause major widespread diseases on barley, wheat and groundnut. P. graminis is presumed to be present in all fields infested with the viral diseases it transmits, but is also present in virus-free soils. The distribution of the viruses transmitted by P. graminis is greater than the confirmed distribution of P. graminis shown on the map.