Polymorphism rs5498 of the ICAM-1 gene affects the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dražen Popović,Danijel Petrovič,Jovana Nikolajević Starčević,Peter Kruzliak,Marija Šantl Letonja,Andreja Cokan Vujkovac,Ludovit Gaspar,Ruda Zorc Pleskovič,Jana Makuc

doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0247-y

Abstract

BackgroundAdhesion molecules are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. An increased level of the ICAM 1 molecule is associated with numerous inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. The rs5498 (K469E) polymorphism of the ICAM-1 gene leads to an increase in the level of serum ICAM. We investigated the association between the rs5498 (K469E) polymorphism of the ICAM-1 gene and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MethodsThe study included 595 patients with T2DM and 200 subjects in the control group without T2DM. The control examination was made 3.8 years after the initial examination. Indicators of atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), total plaque sum and sum of the plaques thickness) were detected by ultrasound examination. Genetic analyses of the polymorphism rs5498 of the ICAM-1 gene were made by RT-PCR.ResultsThe distribution of genotypes and frequencies of rs5498 polymorphism was not significantly different between the group with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM) and the control group. Genotype EE K469E polymorphism is associated with a statistically significant annual plaques growth.ConclusionThe EE genotype of the rs5498 of the ICAM-1 gene was associated with a more rapid progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM in comparison with other genotypes.

Highlights

Adhesion molecules are involved in the development of atherosclerosis
Processes are regulated by the various types of adhesion molecules, such as the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), the vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VACAM 1) and the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM 1)
The purpose of the study was to investigate an association between the rs5498 polymorphism of the ICAM-1 gene and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Summary

Introduction

An increased level of the ICAM 1 molecule is associated with numerous inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. We investigated the association between the rs5498 (K469E) polymorphism of the ICAM-1 gene and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cardiovascular complications are reported about 15 years earlier than in the population without T2DM [2]. It has not been clarified how T2DM affects the development of atherosclerosis. The level of adhesion molecules in the serum is elevated in patients with T2DM [9]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion