Abstract
Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. E tEv.) Salm.) – is one of the most widespread apple diseases in world. Identification of forms, carrying resistance genes, is an important stage in breeding programs aimed at obtaining powdery mildew resistant apple varieties. Diagnostic DNA markers of target genes will increase reliability of identification and efficiency of apple breeding for the creation of resistant genotypes. The purpose of this study was molecular genetic testing of wild species of genus Malus Mill. According to Pl-1, Pl-w and Pl-d powdery mildew resistance genes for revealing polymorphism of the studied loci and identification of valuable genotypes for breeding. The study subjects were the wild species of genus Malus Mill. of different ecological and geographic origin. The Pl-1 gene was identified using AT20-SCAR marker, Pl-w gene - EM M02 marker, Pl-d gene - EM DM01 marker. AT20-SCAR marker (Pl-1 gene) was identified in 37.3 % of genotypes. EM M02 marker (Pl-w gene) was detected in 16.4 % of the studied forms. EM DM01 marker (Pl-d gene) is present in 10.4 % of the analyzed forms. At least one of the studied molecular markers is present in the genome of 52.2 % of apple wild species. The Pl-1 gene in apple wild species is most spread in Baccatae series, the Pl-w gene - in Baccatae and Sieboldinae series, the Pl-d gene - in Orientalis series. Wild species M. baccata 2319, M. mandshurica 41947, M. sachalinensis 85, M. sachalinensis 97, M. purpurea v. pendula 2396 are characterized by combination of Pl-1 and Pl-w genes; M. turkmenorum 13283 and M. turkmenorum 29 421 - Pl-1 and Pl-d genes; M. denticulata 29416 - Pl-w and Pl-d genes, which allows to recommend them as promising complex sources of high powdery mildew resistance for breeding.
Highlights
Identification of SCAR markers linked to Pl-w mildew resistance in apple / K
Identification of PCR-based markers linked to the powdery-mildew-resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple / T
Identification of apple scab and powdery mildew resistance genes in Czech Apple (Malus × domestica) genetic resources by PCR molecular markers / J
Summary
AT20-SCAR, EM M02, EM DM01, п.н. п.н. Series Baccatae Rehd. M. baccata 14207 L. / Borkh. M. pallasiana Juz. M. sachalinensis 25951 Juz. M. robusta 43199 Rehd. M. cerasifera 29494 Spach. Series Hupehenses Langenf. M. hupehensis Pamp. / Rehd. Section Eumalus Zabel. Series Asiaticae Langenf. M. asiatica 2343 Asami. Series Kirghisores Langenf. M. sieversii 13280 Ledeb. / Roem M. M. pumila Mill. M. niedzwetzkyana 29422 Dieck. M. purpurea 2392 Barbier / Rehd. Series Orientalis Langenf. M. orientalis 41623 Uglitzk. AT20-SCAR, п.н. M. turkmenorum 13283 Jut. et M. Pop. Series Malus Mill. M. sylvestris 73 L. / Mill. M. caspiriensis 14942 Langenf. M. prunifolia 2454 Willd. / Borkh. M. spectabilis 2415 Ait. / Borkh. M. spectabilis v. albi plena Siebold. Section Sorbomalus Zabel. Series Sieboldinae Rehd. M. sieboldii Rgl. / Rehd. M. floribunda Siebold. M. sargentii 2428 Rehd. M. zumi Mats. / Rehd. M. arnoldiana Rehd. / Sarg. M. scheidekerii Spach. / Zabеl. M. honanensis Rehd. Series Kansuenses Rehd. M. transitoria Batal. / Schneid. Section Chloromeles Deone. / Rehd. Series Coronariae Rehd. M. coronaria L. / Mill. M. ioensis Wood. / Britt. M. soulardii Bailey. /Britt. M. platycarpa Rehd.
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