Polymorphism of the beta-casein gene and its associations with breeding value for production traits of Holstein–Friesian bulls

Abstract

Beta-casein A1 protein variant might be one of the risk factors in the etiology of human disorders like diabetes and ischemic heart disease. However, from the practical perspective selecting for the A2 allele in dairy cattle requires knowledge of whether the A1/A2 polymorphism is associated with breeding values for production traits. A DNA fragment containing A1/A2 polymorphic region was amplified and genotyped using the PCR-ACRS (Amplification Created Restriction Site) technique in 478 Holstein–Friesian bulls yielding the allele frequencies of 0.35 and 0.65 for the A1 and the A2 variants, respectively. A linear regression model was used for testing the association between the polymorphism and breeding values for production traits and showed that the allele coding the A2 protein variant increases breeding values for milk and protein yield and decreases breeding values for fat percentage in milk. Genotyping A.I. bulls at beta-casein locus and preferring A2 allele may lead to two benefits: increasing breeding value for protein yield and decreasing frequency of A1 protein variant, being considered as risk factor for human health.