Abstract
The article is devoted to one of the important problems of improving the safety and vitality of young animals. Progress in biotechnology and molecular genetics allows one to give an objective assessment of the genetic potential, to predict the resistance of the animal organism to diseases, unfavorable environmental factors at the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis. One of the advantages of DNA diagnostics is the ability to assess animals at birth. DNA diagnostics allows to obtain a large amount of information in a short time, as well as to determine the polymorphism of genes that control the characteristics of productivity in sheep. This allows you to objectively assess the prospects of young animals and select animals for inclusion in the selection process, in the early period of ontogenesis. In this regard, the goal was set to study the polymorphism of the somatotropin - GH, calpastatin - CAST genes and its relationship with the parameters of the immune reactivity of lambs of different genotypes. Using the PCR-RFLP method, polymorphism of genes, GH, CAST, represented by two GHA alleles, was revealed; GHB and CASTM; СASTN with different frequency of occurrence and three genotypes: GHAA, GHBB, GHAB; СASTММ, СASTNN, СASTМN. Taking into account the results of genotyping, experimental groups were formed: I - carriers of GHAA; II - GHBB; III - GHAB; IV - СASTММ; V– СASTNN; VI - СASTМN genotype. The genotypes of the carriers of marker alleles were revealed. Immune reactivity was assessed by the level of immunocompetent cells (T-, B-lymphocytes) and the ratio of their subpopulations (T-helpers; T-suppressors). The relationship between the size of live weight, average daily gains, and immune reactivity of different genotypes was established. The superiority in terms of live weight of lambs with genotypes GHBB and GHAB compared to GHAA CASTMN; which averaged 0.9 and 5.8%. The revealed regularity can serve as an evaluative criterion of the viability and productivity of sheep at an early age.
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