Polymorphism genes CSN3, PIT-1, PRL, GH in Yaroslavskaya breed of cows in association with the indicators of milk productivity

Abstract

A common component of all breeding programs for working with breeds, populations, and herds is to increase the genetic potential, preserve and improve the gene pool of valuable domestic breeds of farm animals, including dairy cattle. Methods of molecular genetics allow us to study, evaluate, and predict breeding, productive traits that persistently transmit and progressively develop in generations. The purpose of these researches was to study the polymorphism of genes: Kappacasein – CSN3, pituitary transcription factor – PIT-1, prolactin – PRL, somatotropin – GH and searching the association of their polymorphic variants with the indicators of dairy productivity of Yaroslavlskaya breed of cows bred in the Stavropol Territory. It has been found by using PCR-PDRF methods that the polymorphism of the studied genes is represented by two alleles: gene CSN3 – alleles CSN3A and CSN3B ; gene PIT-1 – PIT-1A and PIT-1B ; gene PRL – PRLA and PRLB , gene GH – GHL and GHV , and three genotypes – CSN3AA, CSN3BB, CSN3AB; PIT-1AA, PIT-1BB, PIT-1AB; PRLAA, PRLBB, PRLAB; GHLL, GHVV, GHVL, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of selectively signifi cant alleles has been determined, and genotypes of carriers of genetic markers have been identifi ed. It has been found that the specifi c weight of animals carrying genocomplexes of 4 genes and 8 desirable alleles was 0,63, of 4 genes and 7 marker alleles – 3,16, of 4 genes and 6, 5, 4 marker alleles – 20,87 %. Most of the animals (62,7 %) were carriers of genocomplexes of 4, 3, 2 genes and 2 marker alleles. The conclusion has been made about necessity of wide use of genotypes the carriers of genetic markers in the selection process that will ensure gathering in herds of Yaroslavskaya breed of desirable alleles and create conditions for improving the effi ciency of its breeding in the Stavropol Territory.