Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) was chosen because of its involvement in the development of the mammary gland and it is a key mediator of prolactin signaling and can activate transcription of milk protein genes in response to prolactin. Semen samples from 134 Iranian Holstein proven bulls were obtained from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran. A 215 bp fragment, located within exon 7 of bovine STAT5A gene was amplified. PCR product was digested with AvaI enzyme. Gene frequencies of T and C alleles were 0.131 and 0.869 respectively. Genotypes are distributed according to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Least squares means between the two genotypes for protein yield were significant ( P < 0.016) and TC genotype had higher protein yield. Difference in the fat yield approached significance ( P < 0.082). The average allele substitution effect on the economic index was 87422 Rial per additional T allele for the Iranian Holstein. We can conclude that RFLP in STAT5A is a promising new possibility to select for increased yield of protein through selection for the T allele.
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