Polymorphism and Genetic Relationship in Date Palm Using Molecular Markers

Abstract

Over recent decades date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) polymorphism and genetic diversity have been studied extensively, bringing about a revolution in this area of research. Molecular markers have been successfully designed and data have proved their efficiency in the genome assessment of this palm. In fact, these now constitute an important tool for many date palm investigations. Tunisian date palm germplasm is characterized by high genetic diversity because more than 250 cultivars have been identified. This local germplasm is, however, seriously threatened by severe genetic erosion due to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Evaluation of polymorphism and genetic diversity has become a prerequisite to establishment of a research program aimed at rational germplasm conservation. For that objective, research work has focused on the development of phenotypic and biochemical characterization of Tunisian date palms. Moreover, DNA-based methods have been successfully realized which permit establishment of cultivar identification keys, as well as to determine the genetic relationships among them. Data are discussed in relation to the opportunities presented by designed markers in the improvement and breeding of date palm.