Polymer-templated mesoporous carbons synthesized in the presence of nickel nanoparticles, nickel oxide nanoparticles, and nickel nitrate

Abstract

Mesoporous carbon composites, containing nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles, were obtained by soft-templating method. Samples were synthesized under acidic conditions using resorcinol and formaldehyde as carbon precursors, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock co-polymer Lutrol F127 as a soft template and nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles, and nickel nitrate as metal precursors. In addition, a one set of samples was obtained by impregnation of mesoporous carbons with a nickel nitrate solution followed by further annealing at 400°C. Wide angle X-ray powder diffraction along with thermogravimetric analysis proved the presence of nickel nanoparticles in the final composites obtained using nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles, and Ni(NO3)2 solution. Whereas, the impregnation of carbons with a nickel nitrate solution followed by annealing at 400°C resulted in needle-like nickel oxide nanoparticles present inside the composites’ pores. Low-temperature (−196°C) nitrogen physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed good adsorption and structural properties of the synthesized nickel–carbon composites, in particular, the samples possessed high surface areas (>600m2/g), large total pore volumes (>0.50cm3/g), and maxima of pore size distribution functions at circa 7nm. It was found that the composites were partially graphitized during carbonization process at 850°C. The samples are stable in an air environment below temperature of 500°C. All these features make the synthesized nickel–carbon composites attractive materials for adsorption, catalysis, energy storage, and environmental applications.