Abstract
A green methodology for the production of polymers from bamboo powder was investigated. The optimal conditions for the extraction of components from bamboo were defined by incubating the powder in an acetate buffer (pH 5) under boiling for 2 h. Native laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was used afterwards to oxidize the extracts from the final resulting extraction liquid. The reduction of the free OH content after enzymatic oxidation, as well as the 1H NMR data, confirmed the efficient polymerization of the extracts. The bamboo powder samples were also subjected to high compression and curing, in the absence and in the presence of laccase, to evaluate the hardness of the tablets formed by enzymatic bonding events. The results revealed a higher hardness when the tablets were produced in the presence of laccase, confirming the role of the catalyst on the precipitation of colloidal lignin and phenolic extractives. Herein we produce new oligomers/polymers by laccase oxidation of the extracts resulting from a clean method boiling. At the same time, the data open up new routes for the exploitation of new lignocellulosic materials by the direct application of the enzyme on the bamboo powder material.
Highlights
Bamboo, a type of renewable and sustainable natural resource with a powerful regeneration ability, has been investigated in a variety of industrial applications in recent years [1,2]
Based on the researches of Higuchi and Wen [23,24], we recently explored the extraction of bamboo bast fiber powders and identified different compounds [25], namely, vanillic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, gallic acid, guaiacol and vanillin, whose molecules are involved in the lignin biosynthesis of bamboo along with the lignin monomers (LM) of coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol and some other mono- and oligomers of hemicellulose components of bamboo, as shown in
We defined the optimal conditions for the extraction of hemicelluloses and phenolic compounds from bamboo bast fibers
Summary
A type of renewable and sustainable natural resource with a powerful regeneration ability, has been investigated in a variety of industrial applications in recent years [1,2]. Hemicellulose and lignin are the most abundant aromatic biopolymers which show an increased importance on the extraction approaches due to their extensive application on biomaterials [5]. Bamboo components, when extracted, can find a panoply of applications that go from antioxidants products to fiberboards, material composites, among others [6,7,8,9]. The by-products obtained from bamboo processing can be a cheap source of bioactive compounds, especially antioxidants [10,11]. The development of these new materials might generally involve the addition of chemical adhesives or greener methods like the use of enzymes, namely, oxidoreductases. Laccases, defined as green and effective oxidoreductases, can catalyze an extensive range of substrates such as phenolic compounds and their derivatives [12,13,14,15]
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