Polymerized natural acrylic acid-arginine deep eutectic solvent electrospun nanofibers impregnated in polycaprolactam: Applied in green micro-quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of multiclass pesticides in edible vegetables

Abstract

Novel green electrospun nanofibers based on a new polymeric deep eutectic solvent (DES) [polyacrylic acid (PAA)]:[l-arginine (Arg)] mixed with polyamide 6 (PA6) were fabricated and applied as a sorbent in a green alternative micro-quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe method. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The physicochemicalproperties of sorbent and DES including chemical structure, specific surface area (74.587 m2/g), total pore volume (0.1028 cm3/g), mean pore size (5.5105 nm), diameters of PA6 (100–200 nm), and polymeric DES fibers (13–28 nm) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller/Barrett-Joyner-Halenda plots, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effect of electrospinning conditions (voltage (16 kV), polymer solution feed rate (1 mL h−1), distance to collector (13 cm−1), and process time (45 min)), and extraction factors (sorbent composition and amount, desorption conditions, sample pH, and salt percent) was studied. The matrix effect was assessed and the method linearity (0.07–300 µg kg−1) was obtained using a matrix-matched calibration (determination coefficient, r2, 0.9755–0.9975). The limits of quantification (0.07–0.80 µg kg−1) were lower than the maximum residue levels established by the European Union (0.01–1 mg kg−1) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (0.001–100 mg kg−1) for the selected pesticides in fruits and vegetables. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were <6.0 % and <8.8 %, respectively. This work represents the first preparation and application of [PAA]:[Arg]/PA6 electrospun nanofibers as sorbent for extraction of multiclass pesticides in different edible vegetables. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 75–105 %.