Abstract
The kinetics of free-radical homopolymerization and copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and styrene (S) initiated by water-soluble ammonium peroxodisulfate, (APS) or by toluene-soluble dibenzoyl peroxide (DBP) in inverse microemulsion toluene/S/AOT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate)/water/AAm characterized by a low volume fraction of the aqueous phase (Φaw ≈ 0.08) as a function of the concentration of S in the oil phase of the inverse microemulsion system have been studied. S strongly decreases the rate of AAm/S (co)polymerization. This is valid for both APS and DBP initiators. Kinetic measurements indicate the important role for cross-initiation of water soluble AAm growing chains and of oil soluble S analogues activated by the primary free-radicals generated from APS (or from DBP) in the dispersed water droplets (or in the continuous oil-phase) of the inverse microemulsion, respectively. With inverse microemulsions containing toluene (70.73 %)/S (2.44 %)/AOT(17.56 %)/water (7.32 %)/AAm (1.95 %), after polymerization (initiator APS, 3.04 × 10−2 mol dm−3 of water) and separation of the polymeric components, the following yields were obtained: AAm/S (co)polymer (89.20 mass%; ie 62.24 mass% of AAm structural units and 26.96 mass% of S structural units), polyacrylamide (9.4 mass%) and polystyrene (1.4 mass%). © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
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