Abstract
Bacterial infections have threatened the lives of human beings for thousands of years either as major diseases or complications. The elimination of bacterial infections has always occupied a pivotal position in our history. For a long period of time, people were devoted to finding natural antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), antibiotics and silver ions or synthetic active antimicrobial substances including antimicrobial peptoids, metal oxides and polymers to combat bacterial infections. However, with the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), bacterial infection has become one of the most urgent problems worldwide. The efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents to the site of infection precisely is a promising strategy for reducing bacterial resistance. Polymeric nanomaterials have been widely studied as carriers for constructing antimicrobial agent delivery systems and have shown advantages including high biocompatibility, sustained release, targeting and improved bioavailability. In this review, we will highlight recent advances in highly efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents by polymeric nanomaterials such as micelles, vesicles, dendrimers, nanogels, nanofibers and so forth. The biomedical applications of polymeric nanomaterial-based delivery systems in combating MDR bacteria, anti-biofilms, wound healing, tissue engineering and anticancer are demonstrated. Moreover, conclusions and future perspectives are also proposed.
Highlights
Infectious diseases induced by bacteria, virus and fungi have been considered as one of the biggest enemies that threatened the lives of human beings for a long time [1].Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, antibiotics have played an unprecedented role in saving lives of human beings and caused revolutionary changes in medicine
Incorporating highIncorporating dimensional polymeric nanomaterialsincluding such as nanofibers, hydrogels and coatings as polymer nanoparticles dendrimers, micelles and vesicles hybrid delivery systemspolymeric could combine the advantages of nanofibers, both and achieve the hierarchical with high dimensional nanomaterials such as hydrogels and coatrelease of antimicrobial agents [130,131,132,133]
These results proved the versatility 15 and great potential of polymeric nanomaterial-based antimicrobial agent delivery systems for eradicating biofilms
Summary
Infectious diseases induced by bacteria, virus and fungi have been considered as one of the biggest enemies that threatened the lives of human beings for a long time [1]. System of bacteria including efflux pump, degrading enzymes and resistance genes is critThe efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents to the target preventing the defense ical for reducing the emergence of drug resistance [25,26,27]. Polymeric nanomaterials are system of bacteria including efflux pump, degrading enzymes and resistance genes is promising the efficient delivery antimicrobial agents due to their tailorable critical for vehicles reducingfor the emergence of drugof resistance [25,26,27]. There are severaldelivery advantages of using polymeric (i) reduced dosage and drug resistance; (ii) in vivo circulation stability; (iii) ennanomaterials as carriers to accomplish theincreased on-demand delivery of antimicrobial agents: hanced penetration ability;.
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