Abstract
The discovery of conjugated, conducting polymers (CPs) polyacetylene (PA) in 1977 opened up a new frontier in the field of polymer science for both academia and industries. CPs possess characteristics such as excellent tunability, ease of synthesis, eco-friendliness, processability etc. These features have enabled the exploration of its applicability in energy and electronics devices. It has also paved way for extensive research world over to develop novel methods for synthesizing CPs with required properties. An important area in the field of synthesis of CPs is to produce conducting nanocomposites with the combination of conducting polymers and inorganic materials in order to achieve high magnitude of electrical conductivity. Several polymeric materials such as, as poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANI) have exhibited potential in various applications such as, “energy harvesting”, “energy storage”, “light emitting”, and “sensing”. The objective of this review is to develop better understanding on conducting polymers used for energy and electronics application. The review presents the state of research in the development of CPs with a focus on general synthesis method, morphology and dependent properties along with the discussion on challenges with possible solutions.
Highlights
IntroductionThe demand for electrical energy is growing exponentially
With ever increasing population, the demand for electrical energy is growing exponentially
High temperature fabrication methods, such as chemical vapor deposition and thermal annealing require polymeric material with outstanding temperature tolerance compare to conventional polymers such as polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate having temperature tolerance ability of 80 and 150°C, respectively
Summary
The demand for electrical energy is growing exponentially. CPs are the fundamental material for the fabrication of the energy storage devices [1]. They play exceptional characters in both physical and practical requirements of these devices [2]. Extensive work have been reported in exploring CPs such as, PEOT, PPy, and PANI for the energy storage capacitance [3]. This polymer possesses low electrical conductivities require morphological insertion of the foreign materials to guarantee satisfactory rate performance [4]. There are many challenges in the development of these materials with desired morphology and thorough research is required for using these materials in energy storage devices. This review discusses various aspects of polymeric energy materials that are characterized primarily by their inherent conductivity and distinct morphology
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