Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues caused by pathogenic microorganisms and characterized by disruption of the tooth-supporting structures. Conventional drug administration pathways in periodontal disease treatment have many drawbacks such as poor biodistribution, low selectivity of the therapeutic effect, burst release of the drug, and damage to healthy cells. To overcome this limitation, controlled drug delivery systems have been developed as a potential method to address oral infectious disease ailments. The use of drug delivery devices proves to be an excellent auxiliary method in improving the quality and effectiveness in periodontitis treatment, which includes inaccessible periodontal pockets. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding the applications of various polymer-based delivery systems such as hydrogels, liposomes, micro-, and nanoparticles in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. Furthermore, to present a more comprehensive understanding of the difficulties concerning the treatment of PD, a brief description of the mechanism and development of the disease is outlined.
Highlights
Periodontitis (PD) is a localized chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues caused by pathogenic microorganisms and characterized by disruption of the tooth-supporting structures [1].The inflammation is primarily localized to the gum, but penetrates deeper if left untreated, creating pockets that host anaerobic bacteria which can lead to further erosion of the tooth attachment and eventually to tooth loss
This review aims to provide the reader with an overview of periodontal disease with a particular focus on pathogenesis as well as the applications of polymer-based delivery systems used in the treatment of periodontitis
The results have shown that the microspheres have good biocompatibility and can effectively inhibit the gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors induced by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in human gingival fibroblasts
Summary
Periodontitis (PD) is a localized chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues caused by pathogenic microorganisms and characterized by disruption of the tooth-supporting structures [1]. The inflammation is primarily localized to the gum, but penetrates deeper if left untreated, creating pockets that host anaerobic bacteria which can lead to further erosion of the tooth attachment and eventually to tooth loss. Periodontitis includes various degenerative and inflammatory states of the tissue surrounding the tooth, e.g., gingival, periodontal ligaments, cementum, and alveolar bone. According to the World Health Organization report, it is one of the world’s most widespread chronic ailments occurring after the age of 35 [2,3]. The current treatment of periodontal disease involves oral hygiene such as mechanical cleaning (brushing and flossing), together with the use of dentifrices and antibacterial mouthwashes
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