Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare microleakage and fracture loads of all ceramic crowns luted with conventional polymer resins and polymeric bioactive cements and to assess the color stability of polymeric bioactive cements. Seventy-five extracted premolar teeth were tested for fracture loads and microleakage in all-ceramic crowns cemented with two types of polymeric bioactive cements and resin cements. In addition, the degree of color change for each cement with coffee was assessed. Thirty maxillary premolar teeth for fracture loads and thirty mandibular premolar teeth for microleakage were prepared; standardized teeth preparations were performed by a single experienced operator. All prepared specimens were randomly distributed to three groups (n = 20) based on the type of cement, Group 1: resin cement (Multilink N); Group 2: polymeric bioactive cement (ACTIVA); Group 3: polymeric bioactive cement (Ceramir). The cementation procedures for all cements (Multilink, ACTIVA, and Ceramir) were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. All specimens were aged using thermocycling for 30,000 cycles (5–55 °C, dwell time 30 s). These specimens were tested using the universal testing machine for fracture strength and with a micro-CT for microleakage. For the color stability evaluation, the cement specimens were immersed in coffee and evaluated with a spectrometer. Results: The highest and lowest means for fracture loads were observed in resin cements (49.5 ± 8.85) and Ceramir (39.8 ± 9.16), respectively. Ceramir (2.563 ± 0.71) showed the highest microleakage compared to resin (0.70 ± 0.75) and ACTIVA (0.61 ± 0.56). ACTIVA cements showed comparable fracture loads, microleakage, and stain resistance compared to resin cements.
Highlights
The present study assessed the restorative microleakage and fracture loads of restorative crowns luted with Ceramir, polymeric bioactive and resin cements, and color stability
The highest mean for the fracture loads were observed in Group 1 (49.5 ± 8.85) whereas the lowest mean was measured in the Group 3 (39.8 ± 9.16) cement (Table 1)
The present study investigates the fracture strength and microleakage of all-ceramic crowns luted with polymeric bioactive and resin cements along with cement color stability
Summary
Metal ceramic restorations are widely used for the rehabilitation of lost or missing teeth and have demonstrated clinical success in the last 50 years [1]. The porcelain covering the metal seems aesthetically pleasing, and the metal adds the mechanical strength. The underlying metal contributes to the opaqueness of the final restoration and leaves a dark oxide line shadow in the adjacent soft tissue. The reduced light transmission and corrosion cause a tattoo in the surrounding tissues, and the abrasiveness of porcelain can damage the opposing arch [2,3]. All-ceramic restorations are considered ideal for aesthetic replacements of anterior teeth due to high translucency, adhesive bonding, and improved mechanical strength [4]. All-ceramic restorations are multilayered and composed of an inner core and an outer aesthetic fluorapatite for fracture resistance and durability, stability of color and translucency, and to effectively shape the stress profiles within the restorations [4]
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