Abstract
In this study, solvogels containing (2-((2-(ethoxycarbonyl)prop-2-en-1-yl)oxy)-ethyl) phosphonic acid (ECPA) and N,N′-diethyl-1,3-bis-(acrylamido)propane (BNEAA) as the crosslinker are synthesized by UV induced crosslinking photopolymerization in various solvents. The polymerization of the ECPA monomer is monitored by the conversion of double bonds with in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphology of the networks is characterized by in situ photorheology, solid state NMR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the dried gels. It is demonstrated that the storage modulus is not only determined by the crosslinker content in the gel, but also by the solvent used for preparation. The networks turn out to be porous structures with G′ being governed by a rigid, phase-separated polymer phase rather than by entropic elasticity. The external and internal pKa values of the poly(ECPA-co-BNEAA) gels were determined by titration with a specially designed method and compared to the calculated values. The polymer-immobilized phosphonic acid groups in the hydrogels induce buffering behavior into the system without using a dissolved buffer. The calcium accumulation in the gels is studied by means of a double diffusion cell filled with calcium ion-containing solutions. The successful accumulation of hydroxyapatite within the gels is shown by a combination of SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).
Highlights
Hydrogels continuously attract high interest both scientifically and application-wise since they contain large amounts of water or biological fluids
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were used to study the calcium ion adsorption of the water-swollen networks treated with calcium-containing liquids
The samples for 1H solid-state NMR measurements were prepared with different ratios of ECPA/BNEAA ranging from 10/10 wt.% to 19.5/0.5 wt.%, and constant content of TPO (0.5 wt.% with respect to the complete sample) in the solvent propylene glycol (PG)
Summary
Hydrogels continuously attract high interest both scientifically and application-wise since they contain large amounts of water or biological fluids. Polymers 2021, 13, x Polymers 2021, 13, 3506 found special applications in dentistry (for instance, in self-etching adhesives and restorative dentistry) [9,10,11,12,13] These applications often call for additional functions, su2cohf 1a9s the ability to adhere on dentin substrates, which can be provided by tailor-made monomers with special chemical structures. SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were used to study the calcium ion adsorption of the water-swollen networks treated with calcium-containing liquids. These measurements should allow conclusions about the hydroxyapatite mineralization ability of the hydrogel
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