Abstract
Based on the results of research works reflected in the scientific literature, the main examples, methods and approaches to the development of polymer inorganic nanocomposite materials for target membranes are considered. The focus is on membranes for critical technologies with improved mechanical, thermal properties that have the necessary capabilities to solve the problems of a selective pervaporation. For the purpose of directional changes in the parameters of membranes, effects on their properties of the type, amount and conditions of nanoparticle incorporation into the polymer matrix were analyzed. An influence of nanoparticles on the structural and morphological characteristics of the nanocomposite film is considered, as well as possibilities of forming transport channels for separated liquids are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to a correlation of nanocomposite structure-transport properties of membranes, whose separation characteristics are usually considered within the framework of the diffusion-sorption mechanism.
Highlights
Despite the reduction of the tensile strength caused by the incorporation of the nano-fillers in the polyimide nanocomposites, authors noted that the incorporation of relatively high concentrations of silicate nanotubes (SNT) and ZrO2 do not lead to a drastic decrease of elongation-at-break that is widely reported in the literature for a number of PI nanocomposites containing organo-clay nano-fillers [13,14]
Factual data presented in this review proves once again how complex the systems are, nanocomposites of the type of filled polymers and how the effects of nano-fillers on the transport nanocomposites of the type of filled polymers and how the effects of nano-fillers on the transport properties of the corresponding membranes are in some cases unpredictable
New polymeric materials are engaged in the synthesis of morphologies [29,51,135,154]
Summary
Nanotechnology, it is assumed, will play a greater role in the near future. In the review [1], the most exact statement was given, that nano-scale relates to the transition zone between the macro-level and the molecular level. Despite the reduction of the tensile strength caused by the incorporation of the nano-fillers in the polyimide nanocomposites, authors noted that the incorporation of relatively high concentrations of SNT and ZrO2 (up to 10 vol %) do not lead to a drastic decrease of elongation-at-break (εt ) that is widely reported in the literature for a number of PI nanocomposites containing organo-clay nano-fillers [13,14] This important benefit offered by the SNT and ZrO2 was believed to be due to the desirable intrinsic properties of these particles that can be prepared with the prescribed properties for specific applications including polymer nanocomposites, as already mentioned [11,15]. Particular attention is of the influence of structural and morphological characteristics on the transport properties of diffusion nanocomposite membranes on the example of composite materials containing hydrothermal magnesium silicate nanoparticles
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