Abstract
Various applications in modern particle accelerators or experiments involving high energy particle beams require a gas atmosphere or involve the production of big amounts of residual gas. Among these are, e.g., gas cells for plasma acceleration, gas jet targets, or plasma lenses. As high beam quality and stable operation of RF-accelerator cavities demand for ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, a separation between high pressure and UHV beamline sections is needed. Commonly, this is realized by differential pumping or thin windows, the main advantages of the latter being a simple and compact setup. Nevertheless, the interaction between the window and the beam particles reduces the beam quality via scattering. In this paper, low scattering, low permeability polymer foils that can withstand pressure differences up to 1 bar are investigated as electron beam windows. Measurements, analytical considerations, and simulations on the gas permeation, radiation, and UV resistivity as well as electron beam scattering are presented.
Highlights
Various experiments employing high energy particle beams involve gas cells or gas targets
We propose polymer foil ultra-high vacuum (UHV) windows with low scattering cross sections to overcome the safety problems of beryllium windows while maintaining a simple and compact setup
Mainly caused by heating of the foil due to scattering of focused particle beams, were shown to be acceptable for the given vacuum requirements for long periods of experiments [(2 ± 0.5) mC of integrated electron beam charge, >60 h of UV and xray exposure], which was partially achieved by using metalized foils
Summary
Various experiments employing high energy particle beams involve gas cells or gas targets Among these are, e.g., measurements of beam/plasma-interaction properties, gas targets, and plasma-based particle acceleration such as laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA).. E.g., measurements of beam/plasma-interaction properties, gas targets, and plasma-based particle acceleration such as laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA).5 The latter have led to an increased demand for the integration of 1–100 mbar gas cells into high brightness accelerators.. Plasma windows require high electrical input power and cooling and have a limited lifetime due to electrode erosion and cannot reach high vacuum conditions They can only be part of a combination with a differential pumping system, sharing their drawbacks. While our focus is on the demands of PWFA applications, especially in the case of PWFA experiments at the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ), the windows are suitable for any setup with similar constraints
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