Abstract
Fuel cells are power generation devices converting chemical energy into electric energy by electrochemical reactions. Among various types of fuel cells, hydrogen-oxygen (H2-O2) based proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have attracted special attention due to their high efficiency, low temperature operation, and suitability for low to medium power generation. However, the requirement of high cost catalysts (platinum and its alloys) for both cathodic and anodic reactions makes them unsuitable for commercial applications. Development of efficient catalysts with reduced cost has drawn considerable scientific attention. This chapter reviews the PEM fuel cell cathode catalysis in terms of challenges and progress in the field with an emphasis on the application of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. Owing to their promising properties such as high electronic conductivity, corrosion resistance, and large surface area, carbon nanomaterials are suitable for catalyst support materials. Apart from this, doped carbon nanomaterials show potential toward the development of metal-free catalysts.
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