Polymer Crystallization Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Some Industrial Polyamides

Abstract

A comprehensive non-isothermal kinetics study on polymer crystallization processes taking place in a set of industrial polyamides comprising nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 11 and nylon 12, individually, is reported. The kinetics studies elucidated that the phenomena of nucleation/diffusion underlying the nylons crystallization go to completion in a single-step. Notwithstanding, the nylons diffusion activation energies do not correspond to the universal value of segmental jump activation energy signifying polymer chains diffusion processes. The polymer chain transport phenomenon was probably the slowest one in the case of nylon 6 and nylon 6,6, and the fastest in the case of nylon 12, while intermediate for nylon 11. Furthermore, the nucleation barrier during the course of polymer crystallization was the highest for nylon 6,6, followed by nylon 6, nylon 11 and nylon 12. Our kinetics studies further predict that the crystallization of nylon 12 and nylon 11 follows, respectively, diffusion-controlled 2D growth of spherulites and a somewhat complicated nucleation/growth phenomenon. The thermodynamics of the nylons crystallization suggests that the highest structural orientation of the activated complex was attained in the case of the nylon 12 crystallization process. Interestingly, while the thermodynamics and majority of the kinetic parameters of nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 were similar/comparable, the two follow widely differing crystallization mechanisms. The most probable physical meanings of the obtained kinetics and thermodynamics parameters and their practical significance are given and discussed.