Abstract
The structural and physico-chemical characteristics of thermoplastic polymers filled with multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) such as polyethylene (PE), polyamide 6 (PA 6) and layered fiberglass with PA 6 are investigated. The influence of their concentrations and homogeneity degree of nanotubes distribution is studied. The properties of new composites are compared with the well investigated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-CNTs and polypropylene (PP)-CNTs systems. It is shown that an addition of CNTs into thermoplastic polymeric materials leads to the significant changes in structural characteristics, growth of strength, electrical, thermal properties. It is coursed by the formation of CNTs continuous network in the original matrix, the crystallinity degree of the matrix depending on the concentration of CNTs. In turn, the crystallinity degree of the matrix is increased by homogeneity arising of the composite as a result of the strong interaction of the matrix with nanofiller. The changes of not only bulk but also the surface properties of the composites are observed, which explains the best biocompatibility of the nanocomposites observed in natural conditions experiments (in vivo).
Highlights
New materials based on well-known matrixes filled with nanoparticles are under wide development in the field of materials science
The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of the aspect number of nanoparticles and the homogeneity of nanoparticles distribution in the matrix on the properties of new composite polymer materials
The reinforcing of polymer by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) even at low concentrations leads to the changes in both the bulk and surface properties of the material
Summary
New materials based on well-known matrixes filled with nanoparticles are under wide development in the field of materials science. An unique property namely high aspect ratio (η) (ratio of length to diameter), that is greater than 103, is found for CNT. According to Ukrainian standard [7], the average diameter of CNTs was 10–20 nm and specific surface area determined by argon desorption was 200– 400m2/g. Dispersed (pyrogenic) silica grade A-300 with a specific surface of 300 m2/g as a catalyst carrier was used to reduce agglomeration of CNTs leading to the loosening or dilution of the synthesized material. It allowed to obtain the product with the bulk density within 20–40 g/dm. Pure CNTs were more agglomerated after drying and contained less than 1wt. % of mineral residual
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