Polylactide-based stent coatings: biodegradable polymeric coatings capable of maintaining sustained release of the thrombolytic enzyme streptokinase

Abstract

Abstract The paper describes synthesis and testing of novel biodegradable polylactide-based polymer membranes with desired mechanical properties, which are capable of sustained and directed release of biomacromolecules with high molecular weight (in particular, streptokinase; m.w. 47 kDa). Streptokinase is a pharmaceutical agent, possessing a pronounced thrombolytic activity. The membranes synthesized had a percentage elongation of 2–11% and tensile strength of 25–85 MPa. They were biodegradable – yet being stored in aqueous media in the absence of biological objects, would be dissolved by no more than 10% in 6 months. The synthesized membranes were capable of controlled release of streptokinase into the intercellular space, with the enzyme retaining more than 90% of its initial activity. The rate of streptokinase release from the membranes varied from 0.01 to 0.04 mg/day per cm2 of membrane surface. The membrane samples tested in the work did not have any short-term toxic effects on the cells growing de novo on the membrane surface. The mitotic index of those cells was approximately 1.5%, and the number of non-viable cells on the surface of the polymer films did not exceed 3–4% of their total amount. The implantation of the synthesized polymers – as both individual films and coatings of nitinol stents – was not accompanied by any postoperative complications. The subsequent histological examination revealed no abnormalities. Two months after the implantation of polymer films, only traces of polylactide were found in the implant-surrounding tissues. The implantation of stents coated with streptokinase-containing polymers resulted in the formation of a mature and thick connective-tissue capsules. Thus, the polylactide membranes synthesized and tested in this work are biodegradable, possess the necessary mechanical properties and are capable of sustained and directed release of streptokinase macromolecules.