Polyimide-Based Solid-State Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries with a Long-Cycling Life

Abstract

Metal-air batteries have attracted wide interest owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy densities, particularly for lithium-oxygen batteries. One of the challenges inhibiting the practical application of lithium-oxygen batteries is the unavoidable liquid electrolyte evaporation accompanying oxygen fluxion in the semi-open system, which leads to safety issues and poor cyclic performance. To address these issues, we propose a solid-state polyimide based gel polymer electrolyte (PI@GPE), immobilizing and reserving a liquid electrolyte in the gelled polymer substrate. The liquid electrolyte uptake of PI@GPE is measured to be 842%, 6 times higher than that of the commercial glass fiber separator, contributing to a high ionic conductivity of 0.44 mS cm-1. Additionally, PI@GPE possesses an enhanced lithium transference number of 0.596 as well as superior interfacial compatibility with lithium metals. Under 0.1 mA cm-2 and 0.25 mA h cm-2, PI@GPE-based lithium-oxygen batteries demonstrate distinguished long-cycling stability of 366 cycles, 4 times more than that with a glass fiber separator and liquid electrolyte. Our work provides a unique solid-state gel polymer electrolyte to mitigate liquid electrolyte leakage, exhibiting promising potential application in highly safe lithium-oxygen batteries with a long-cycling life.