Abstract
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural polymer synthesized by many bacteria as a carbon-energy storage material. It was accumulated maximally prior to the spore formation but was degraded during the process of sporulation in Bacillus thuringiensis. Intriguingly, B. thuringiensis also accumulates large amounts of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) during sporulation, which requires considerable input of carbon and energy sources. How PHB accumulation affects sporulation and ICP formation remains unclear to date. Intuitively, one would imagine that accumulated PHB provides the energy required for ICP formation. Yet our current data indicate that this is not the case. First, growth curves of the deletion mutants of phaC (encoding the PHB synthase) and phaZ (encoding the PHB depolymerase) were found to be similar to the parent strain BMB171; no difference in growth rate could be observed. In addition we further constructed the cry1Ac10 ICP gene overexpression strains of BMB171 (BMB171-cry), as well as its phaC and phaZ deletion mutants ΔphaC-cry and ΔphaZ-cry to compare their spore and ICP production rates. Again, not much change of ICP production was observed among these strains either. In fact, PHB was still degraded in most ΔphaZ-cry cells as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Together these results indicated that there is no direct association between the PHB accumulation and the sporulation and ICP formation in B. thuringiensis. Some other enzymes for PHB degradation or other energy source may be responsible for the sporulation and/or ICP formation in B. thuringiensis.
Highlights
Bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and spore-forming bacterium that produces poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs)
PhaC and phaZ were identified as the genes encoding PHB synthetase and degradation enzyme in B. thuringiensis respectively (Tseng et al, 2006; Chen et al, 2010)
Since PHB degradation wasn’t completely abolished in phaZ, we speculated that there were some other PHB degradation enzymes or pathways existing in B. thuringiensis
Summary
Bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and spore-forming bacterium that produces poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs). PHB is a linear biopolymer consisting of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) monomers It can be accumulated as insoluble cytoplasmic granules under over-nutrition state and/or in the absence of one or more essential nutritional elements in B. thuringiensis (Jendrossek, 2009). Three enzymes of PhaZ, BdhA and AacS are involved for its degradation, in which the most crucial step is the depolymerization of PHB into 3HB-CoA catalyzed by the PHB depolymerase (PhaZ). This enzyme is currently the only known PHB depolymerase observed to date (Tseng et al, 2006; Jendrossek and Pfeiffer, 2014)
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