Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers. These biomaterials have grown in importance in the fields of tissue engineering and tissue reconstruction for structural applications where tissue morphology is critical, such as bone, cartilage, blood vessels, and skin, among others. Furthermore, they can be used to accelerate the regeneration in combination with drugs, as drug delivery systems, thus reducing microbial infections. When cells are cultured under stress conditions, a wide variety of microorganisms produce them as a store of intracellular energy in the form of homo- and copolymers of [R]—hydroxyalkanoic acids, depending on the carbon source used for microorganism growth. This paper gives an overview of PHAs, their biosynthetic pathways, producing microorganisms, cultivation bioprocess, isolation, purification and characterization to obtain biomaterials with medical applications such as tissue engineering.
Highlights
The currently increasing interest in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) research for various applications [1] is due to their biodegradability [2,3], biocompatibility [4], bioresorbability [5] and piezoelectricity [1]
PHAs are produced by a wide range of microorganisms under stress conditions of fermentation media composition, with a high concentration of carbon source, and the rest of the nutrients are present in limited quantities [7,8]
The metabolic pathways for PHA biosynthesis are multiple and their biosynthesis by microorganisms is dependent on the carbon source in the environment
Summary
The currently increasing interest in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) research for various applications [1] is due to their biodegradability [2,3], biocompatibility [4], bioresorbability [5] and piezoelectricity [1] Their various chemical properties have made them the topic of several scientific studies. Many studies have confirmed that mcl-PHA can be much more flexible and resistant than scl-PHA These properties make it a good option for use in many fields, especially in the medical field or in obtaining films and coatings. PHA obtained under controlled conditions and with high purity can be used in tissue engineering through therapeutic applications such as vascular grafts, nerve tissue, or as a Materials 2022, 15, 1410 high biocompatibility [12]. This review considers the leading medical representatives of PHAs in tissue regeneration esncgaifnfoeledritnogpinrormecoetnetcyeellagrsr,opwatrhticbuylasurlpypfolyciunsginnguotrnittihoen p[1r3o,d1u4]c.tiTohni,sisroevlaiteiwoncaonndsicdhearsratch‐e teleraizdaitnigonmoefdsiucaclhrebpiorpesoelnytmateirvse.s of PHAs in tissue regeneration engineering in recent years, focusing on the production, isolation and characterization of such biopolymers
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