Polygenic expression of somatostatin in orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides): Molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding three somatostatin precursors

Abstract

In the present study, three preprosomatostatin (PSS) cDNAs were characterized from hypothalamus of orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. The first cDNA encodes a 123-amino acid protein (PSSI) that contains the SS 14 sequence at its C-terminal extremity and that is identical to that of PSSI of human and other vertebrates. The second cDNA encodes a 127-amino acid protein (PSSII) that contains the SS 28 sequence with [Tyr 7, Gly 10]-SS 14 at its C-terminus. The third cDNA encodes a 110-amino acid protein (PSSIII) that contains the somatostatin variant [Pro 2]-SS 14 at its C-terminal extremity. All these three PSS mRNAs were expressed in brain and pituitary with different mRNA levels. In peripheral tissues, PSSII was more widely distributed than PSSI and PSSIII. High mRNA levels of PSS were found in stomach, intestine and ovary. PSS mRNAs were detected throughout embryogeny and early larval development. Its levels increased with the embryonic development and maintained a higher level during larva developing. The mRNA distribution suggests that the three grouper PSS products play important physiological functions in adult fish as well as in cell growth and organ differentiation in embryo and larva development.